By Dr. Becker and recommendation by Diane Weinmann

A retractable leash is not so much a leash as it is a length of thin cord wound around a spring-loaded device housed inside a plastic handle. The handles of most retractable leashes are designed to fit comfortably in a human hand. A button on the handle controls how much of the cord is extended.

Retractable leashes are popular primarily because they aren’t as confining as regular leashes, allowing dogs more freedom to sniff and poke around on walks. But unfortunately, there are many downsides to this type of leash.

10 Reasons Not to Use a Retractable Leash

1. The length of retractable leashes, some of which can extend up to 26 feet, allows dogs to get far enough away from their humans that a situation can quickly turn dangerous. A dog on a retractable leash is often able to run into the middle of the street, for example, or make uninvited contact with other dogs or people.
2. In the above scenario, or one in which your pet is being approached by an aggressive dog, it is nearly impossible to get control of the situation if the need arises. It’s much easier to regain control of – or protect — a dog at the end of a six-foot standard flat leash than it is if he’s 20 or so feet away at the end of what amounts to a thin string.
3. The thin cord of a retractable leash can break – especially when a powerful dog is on the other end of it. If a strong, good-sized dog takes off at full speed, the cord can snap. Not only can that put the dog and whatever he may be chasing in danger, but also the cord can snap back and injure the human at the other end.
4. If a dog walker gets tangled up in the cord of a retractable leash, or grabs it in an attempt to reel in their dog, it can result in burns, cuts, and even amputation. In addition, many people have been pulled right off their feet by a dog that reaches the end of the leash and keeps going. This can result in bruises, “road rash,” broken bones, and worse.

5 .Dogs have also received terrible injuries as a result of the sudden jerk on their neck that occurs when they run out the leash, including neck wounds, lacerated tracheas, and injuries to the spine.

6. Retractable leashes allow dogs more freedom to pull at the end of them, which can look like aggression to another dog who may decide to “fight back.”
7. The handles of retractable leashes are bulky and can be easily pulled out of human hands, resulting in a runaway dog.

8.Along those same lines, many dogs – especially fearful ones – are terrorized by the sound of a dropped retractable leash handle and may take off running, which is dangerous enough. To make matters worse, the object of the poor dog’s fear is then “chasing” her, and if the leash is retracting as she runs, the handle is gaining ground on her – she can’t escape it. Even if this scenario ultimately ends without physical harm to the dog (or anyone else), it can create lingering fear in the dog not only of leashes, but also of being walked.

9.Retractable leashes, like most retractable devices, have a tendency to malfunction over time, either refusing to extend, refusing to retract, or unspooling at will.

10.Retractable leashes are an especially bad idea for dogs that haven’t been trained to walk politely on a regular leash. By their very nature, retractables train dogs to pull while on leash, because they learn that pulling extends the lead.

If your dog is well trained, gentle mannered and smart enough to master a regular leash and a retractable leash without being confused, you could be one of the rare guardians that can walk your pooch on any kind of leash without increasing risks to either one of you.

Recommendation – don’t use them!

I can tell you from personal experience that our retractable leash broke out on a walk and the panic that I felt in my heart is not worth it.  Not to mention, I repeatedly received nasty cuts from the leash.  I realize I am not the most coordinated person but I will not willingly ever use that type of leash again.  Believe it or not, I use a horse lunging line to walk my dog.  It has a handle like any other leash but is extremely long.  The extra length helps me not be pulled by my husky (we all know pulling is in their DNA) which in turn, is easier on my arthritic knees.   I simply keep the extra length of leash looped in my hand and when I need to let it out a little or pull it in– it is very easy.   With this type of “leash” I am able to immediately curtail by dog’s wandering on our walk especially if someone is passing us or if he should not be walking on a strip of lawn that has been chemically treated.  Dogs love to smell grass, trees and fire hydrants—that’s all part of the fun of going for a walk.  They get to experience a different part of the world.  Let them enjoy it safely !

You notice your dog is suddenly not himself.

He’s dragging himself around and doesn’t have that typical bright look in his eye.

Clearly, his immune system is fighting something.

Do you reach for the echinacea?

 

What Is Echinacea?

Here’s an interesting bit of trivia.  Echinacea species is part of the sunflower family. Echinacea (purple coneflower) was “discovered” in the late 1800’s by a traveling salesman named Joseph Meyer. He learned about it from the Plains Indians while traveling. Meyer brewed it up as an alcohol tincture and sold it as a cure-all. He even proved its effectiveness by drinking his tonic and letting rattlesnakes bite him. He never got sick … and that was the start of the phrase “snake oil salesman.”

Like Joseph Meyer, you may also know echinacea is a great immune booster … and that’s certainly true. But how you use echinacea will determine how well it works for your dog. So first, you need to understand how echinacea works.

How Does Echinacea Boost The Immune System?

There are a lot of immune-boosting herbs and they work in different ways. The way echinacea works is really interesting.

First, it contains echinacoside, a natural antibiotic that works the same as penicillin; so it can kill a broad range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This makes it a really valuable herb to have around for wound healing and sick dogs. Echinacea also contains echinacein, which protects against germy attacks by neutralizing the tissue-dissolving enzyme hyaluronidase, which germs produce.

If you like technical explanations, echinacea can increase macrophage activation — by increasing production of interferon gamma. In addition, one study showed that Echinacea extracts can boost T-cell production by up to 30 percent more than immune boosting drugs. Echinacea also increases production of the chemokines interleukin-8 and MCP-1, which enhance the migration of immune cells to the site of infection.

 So What Does All That Mean?

When your dog is exposed to kennel cough or bacteria his immune system fires up its defenses to fight those bugs.  Echinacea works the same way but it actually offers no threat to the body at all.

So when you give your dog echinacea, his immune system perceives it as a threat and powers up. But because echinacea isn’t harmful to the body at all, the immune system has nothing to attack … so it stays charged up on standby, waiting for a threat to arrive so it can pounce on it.

But there’s a downside to this type of immune booster …

Sooner or later, your dog’s immune system figures out you’ve been yanking its chain and stops responding to the echinacea.

When you’re using immune boosters like echinacea, it’s a good idea to use them off and on … or your dog’s immune system will catch on to your trickery. Herbalist Greg Tilford recommends five days on and two to three days off.

When you take this time off, your dog’s immune system will forget all about that false threat and you can pull its leg over and over again, keeping it on high alert.

 Timing Is Everything

Timing is critical to success. To work, echinacea must be given while your dog is incubating sickness, not when he’s full-out sick. So it’s important to look at and feel your dog every day to catch the early signs of illness – then you can jump on the echinacea and know it will help him. Once your dog shows full-out symptoms of illness, his immune system will already be responding, so there’s no point in giving him echinacea.

The key to echinacea is ramping up the immune system before illness strikes!

Consider adding echinacea daily for a week or two, then a few days off.

Some studies show that daily doses of echinacea can extend lifespan and reduce the growth of cancer cells, so it’s an important addition to your dog’s diet. Or you can give it to your dog when he’s traveling, under stress or any other time when his immune system could come under attack.

 Is Echinacea Safe? That Depends!

Some dogs can be sensitive to the antigens in echinacea and you may see allergy symptoms. These dogs shouldn’t take echinacea. Also, many dogs suffer from immune mediated diseases and echinacea can aggravate these diseases. So if your dog has this type of chronic disease, it’s best to check with your holistic vet before giving him echinacea.   This would include any disease where the immune system actually works against itself, such as in multiple sclerosis, leukosis (where an overpopulation of white blood cells already exists), diabetes mellitus, feline AIDS, or any condition which involves an increased immune response.  When used in the presence of any of these diseases, echinacea can have aggravating effects.

It’s important to understand the power of echinacea really relies on a healthy immune system. If your dog is healthy, then echinacea will work great to boost his ability to fight disease before it happens.

Remember– echinacea’s roles are always complimentary to a healthy immune  system.   Consult your holistic veterinarian if you are uncertain of your animal’s level of disease resistence, before using echinacea.

How Much Should I Give?

There are two main varieties of echinacea: purpurea and angustifolia. They’re similar, but also have complementary properties. Formulas that use both are more likely to be effective. It’s also worth noting that most of echinacea’s immune boosting power is in the seeds and root.  For dogs, give 12 to 25 drops of echinacea tincture, three times daily or follow directions on bottle.

Where you can buy it:

www.onlynaturalpet.com

Suggested Use

• Depending on how acute the problem is should determine the amount and frequency of application.
• This tincture may be mixed with food, put on a treat, applied with dropper or syringe directly into mouth (wash with hot water after touching mouth to avoid contaminating the bottle contents), or mixed with up to 1/2 cup of warm water.

Maintenance – Dose may be fewer drops, at a once per day dose

Immediate Problem or Infection – Dosage will get better results with a higher, more frequent application.

Pet Type	Daily Dosage
Cat & Small Dogs	10 – 20 Drops (0.25 mL – 0.5 mL) 1 – 2 times daily
Medium & Large Dogs	20 – 40 Drops (0.5 mL – 1 mL) 1 – 2 times daily

by Greg Tilford  c.2010, Dogs Naturally Magazine and Diane Weinmann

As seen in Dogs Natural Magazine by Dana Scott

You read that right … you can make a first aid kit out of nothing but herbs.

Herbs can be so powerful and effective, they’re a great addition to any dog’s first aid kit!

And the best part is, unlike the usual antiseptic, antibacterial, immune-suppressing products found in most first aid kits, these amazing herbs will help your dog out not only in the short term, but they’ll protect his immune system from the long-term damage those harsh products can cause.

So are you ready to to learn about the herbs you’ll want to carry in your non-medicine cabinet?

I thought you might be!

Here are the top five essential topical herbs you should have in your canine first aid kit.

Building Your Herbal First Aid Kid

Before you build your kit, consider what trouble your dog can get into. Things you might want to be prepared for include:

Cuts and scrapes

Insect bites

Rashes

Muscle aches and pain

Bleeding and bruises

Burns

Abscesses

Your herbal first aid kit can handle more than just cuts and scrapes, so why not be prepared for other common issues too? When you’re prepared, then you’ll find it easier to avoid chemical-based products.

Here’s a list of all-natural, safe and effective herbs you’ll want to have in your kit.

Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Calendula heals skin fast! It helps regenerate skin and can even prevent scarring. It also has antibacterial, anti fungal and antiviral properties, to make sure the wound stays clean and pathogen-free.

Calendula can be applied as a salve or tea to cuts, burns, bites, scrapes, abscesses and fungal infections. Just be careful if applying it to open wounds that look infected … calendula is such a good wound healer, it can heal infected wounds like abscesses so quickly that the infection can’t get out. So just make sure the wound isn’t draining before using calendula.

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)

Comfrey is well known as “bone knit.” It’s earned this name because of its great affinity for fast tissue healing, including skin, muscle, tendons and even bones.

Comfrey can be applied topically on the affected area as a salve, poultice or tea to speed the healing process for sore joints, burns and swelling. Dried comfrey can also be used as a styptic to stop bleeding – just apply the dried herb directly to the skin … and make sure you have it on hand when cutting nails!

Plantain (Plantago major)

Plantain is a common weed found most anywhere in North America, where it likes to grow alongside paths and roads. Plantain is a great wound healer and anti-inflammatory and can be used to treat insect bites and stings, poison ivy and burns. It can even work as a drawing agent, pulling foreign bodies out of paws and ears.

Plantain can be used directly on the affected area as a poultice. To make the poultice, just chew up some leaves (look down, they’re everywhere!) and apply them right to your dog’s skin! Plantain works great for bug bites.

Aloe (Aloe barbadensis)

Aloe vera is renowned for its ability to soothe irritated skin. It’s an easy-to-grow potted plant that many people keep in their homes for the treatment of burns … and it works great for healing burns and relieving the pain and inflammation they cause, especially when applied right away. Aloe can also promote wound healing in soft tissue; it reduces inflammation and increases blood supply.

Aloe works best if you just apply the fresh plant, because bacteria can grow in commercial aloe products or juices. Avoid using aloe on deep or infected wounds, or severe burns.

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Yarrow is a great addition to your first aid kit. It can be used as a salve or poultice, or the fresh plant can also be used.

Yarrow is anti-inflammatory, helps builds new tissue and  stop bleeding, so it’s most effective when used to treat bruises, sprains and strains. Yarrow also protects against bacteria and fungi, so it’s also a great choice for cuts, bites, burns and stings. It can be used as a salve, poultice or tea.

Preparing A Homemade Herbal Salve

Salves are very easy to prepare and contain three basic ingredients:

• Herbs (8 to 10 oz)
• Coconut Oil (2 to 3 cups)
• Beeswax (1 oz )

You can make your salve with just one herb or several herbs. Try to find organic herbs whenever possible and buy the herbs ground … the finer they’re ground up, the more healing properties you’ll get in the salve. If you’re using whole herbs, then just grind them up into a fine powder in your coffee grinder, Vitamix or Magic Bullet before using for your salve.

Place the coconut oil and powdered herbs in a small crockpot set on low or warm, a dehydrator or double boiler set to very low (shoot for 100 to 140 degrees).  Let them warm for a day or two.

The coconut oil will soon take on the color of the herb you’re using, which means that the herbal properties have transferred to the oil. Once your oil has reached this color, place a strainer and a few layers of cheesecloth over a bowl and strain the herbs from the oil.

Take the bowl of strained oil  and mix in 1 ounce of beeswax for every 8 ounces of strained oil. Put the beeswax and oil back into your crockpot until the beeswax melts into the oil, then remove it from the heat.

Pour the salve into a wide jar and store it in a warm cupboard, where it’s ready to use!

Preparing A Topical Herbal Tea

To prepare an herbal tea, place 8 tablespoons fresh herb or 4 tablespoons dried herb in a teapot, then add a quart of boiling water.

Allow it to steep for 20 minutes, strain out the herb and allow the water to cool.

Allow the tea to cool, then pour it into a spray bottle and spritz it on your dog’s affected skin three to five times a day.

Keep the remaining tea in the fridge, where it will keep for a few days.

That’s it! Five simple, easy herbs to get you started.

NOW IF YOU WANT MORE INFORMATION CHECK OUT THE ONLINE CLASS BELOW…..

This six week long, live and interactive course will give you all the tools you need to make your own herbal  supplements to save money and give your dog a leg up on health. You’ll leave this course with:

1) A solid plan for using herbs for detoxification and health,

2) A good repertory of medicinal herbs you can start using to help your dog with illness and pain,
3) A list of critical herbs that can prevent cancer and other common diseases in your dog   4) A guide to growing and preparing your own herbs at home.   Don’t wait to long to sign up … we’ve decided to keep this class small because it will be interactive, so it will fill fast!

http://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/offers/herbology-course-2/?inf_contact_key=7b4892e526d371e094957446ec116cda1f88a93496def739957bf47fdfeb5df8

Animal Hospice

That terrible time has finally arrived.  The time every pet parent dreads.  Your beloved animal family member is showing their age, is significantly slowing down, has a debilitating disease or has been diagnosed as terminal.  What do you do?

Do you want to make your pet’s last days memorable?  Are you interested in finding holistic ways to help them in their time of need?  How about trying to extend the time they have left ensuring their quality of life is still acceptable.   Maybe you think that taking them to the vet to have them euthanized before they suffer too much is the kindest thing you can do. There is not an easy answer to any of these questions.   Before you are overwhelmed with worry, let me shed some light on your options and put some facts into perspective to help you make the best decision for your pet, yourself and your family.  Knowing what you would do ahead of time relieves some of the burden when the actual event occurs.

First let me explain a few words you may hear but not completely understand.  Palliative care is provided when no hope or cure is available for your pet’s health condition.  It tries to provide the best quality of life for your loved one.  This type of care does not necessarily mean your pet is terminal but may require some special attention and help.

End of life care is the term given to any care given to a pet that has been diagnosed as terminal.  If you provide care for your beloved animal until they are euthanized, this is considered end of life care entailing palliative care.

Let me give you an example of what I mean.  My horse had a severe case of colic but as the vet was treating her he found that she had blood in her stomach caused by a tumor that in turn resulted in giving her colic.

Colic is an illness where her intestines have a blockage, impaction or are twisted.  The vet recommended euthanizing her immediately.  I chose to let her recover from the colic and see how her quality of life was after that.  Amazing, she recovered immediately and acted like nothing was wrong with her.  I discussed the issues and care I could provide myself with my vet.  I expressed that I wanted to give her a good quality of life until she displayed symptoms that were unmanageable.  I didn’t want her to be in pain for any significant amount of time.   So we had four wonderful months together making memories.  During those months I periodically had to give her a pain shot which my vet graciously taught me to do.  It felt wonderful to be able to care for her and ensure our last days together were memorable.

With Animal hospice often times considerable effort and time will be required of the pet owner.  Are you up for the challenge?   Be assured no one will judge you one way or the other.  Many reasons will factor into what you choose to do for your beloved animal friend.  Maybe you can’t get away from work, your health won’t allow you to care for your pet, or it is financially not possible.  It could be you are emotionally overwhelmed at the thought of caring for your pet for an indefinite period of time.   However, if you have the time and ability to learn new things, providing animal hospice for your pet may be the right choice for you.

Ask your vet about the services they can provide to you in this situation.  Many vets may not wish to provide animal hospice because they are not staffed to be able to provide round the clock care.   You do have alternatives.  You can learn some holistic healing modalities yourself or can hire someone to assist you.  If you choose, ask your vet for help provide pain relief medicine for your pet ahead of time to make it through at least one night until you can get to medical help.

There are companies that provide animal hospice in your home.   One company in particular, in the Cleveland area (Joycares Personalize Pet Care), uses both traditional western medicines along with holistic healing modalities to provide a well- rounded compliment of care for your pet.  When the end does come, and it always does, they can euthanize in your pet’s home to avoid the last nasty trip to the vet when your pet doesn’t transition into spirit on their own.

Here is a list of some holistic healing modalities to assist your pet to be more comfortable when they are ill:

Telepathic Animal Communications

Healing Touch for Animals

Bach Flower Essences

TTouch

Essential Oils-Aromatherapy

Tuning Forks

As you can see they are many holistic healing modalities that can assist you and your pet through their transition period.  Please know that they are no right or wrong answers to how you decide to face the fact that your beloved pet is ill.  Only you can know what resonates with you and your lifestyle when it comes to providing care for your pet.  Please know that whatever method you choose when your pet is sick, your beloved animal companion will not judge you.   They accept decisions with an open heart. Why not ask them how they would like the situation handled?

As an animal communicator, I have spoken to many animals on this topic and have received a wide range of answers.  If possible, let your pet decide in the end what is best for them.  Some have very strong opinions on whether they wish assistance as they transition or want to try to leave their body on their own.  Many really cherish the time you spend (if you can) providing healing to them.  Some animals have told me they do not want you to fuss over them and they don’t want to cause you further inconvenience.  Your wonderful animal companions truly believe they are here to make your life easier, not harder.  As a well- loved member of your family don’t they deserve the same care you would provide to anyone else?  Only you can know what is in your heart.

The J . M. Smucker Company is buying Big Heart Pet Brands because they feel it supports their purpose of helping to bring families together to share memorable meals and moments and recognizing that our pets are cherished members of the family too.

The following is a list of the food products included:  Meow Mix, Milk-Bones, Kibble N bits, 9Lives, Natural Balance, Pup-Peroni, Gravy Train, Nature’s Recipe, Canine Carry Outs, Snausages, Meaty Bones, Pounce, Jerky Treats, Alley Cats, Milo’s Kitchen.

I applaud their thinking!

Oma’s Purr cat food, an Oma’s Pride product, is being recalled nationwide after routine testing revealed salmonella in some lots of the product, according to a news release from the Food and Drug Administration.

The Avon, Connecticut-based company is recalling its 12-ounce (UPC: 8 79384 00017 9) and 2-pound (UPC: 8 79384 00018 6) Purr-Complete Feline Poultry Meal products, manufactured on Sept. 12, 2014, with a use by recommended date of Sept. 12, 2015, with code #1524. The products are frozen and have plastic packaging under the Oma’s Pride brand.

Symptoms in animals may include fever, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite and an abnormally fast heart rate. Some pets will have only decreased appetite, fever and abdominal pain. Infected but otherwise healthy pets can be carriers and infect other animals or humans. Contact a veterinarian if your pet has symptoms after consuming the recalled food.

If you have a recalled product, do not feed it to your pets but dispose of it safely in a tightly sealed trash receptacle or return it to the place of purchase for a refund. For more information, go to the company’s website at omaspride.com or call 1-800-678-6627 9 a.m.4:30 p.m. Monday- Friday.

By: Dr. Eleanor Kellon, VMD

As seen in: EWM Vol. 9 Issue 6

For most horses, winter means more time confined to the stall or indoor arena. Unfortunately, protection from the weather can come at the expense of lung health for some equines.

Inflammatory airway conditions

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a condition characterized by few symptoms except a cough when the horse is at rest. When exercising, however, it shows up as poor performance, exercise intolerance, or coughing, together with an inflammatory reaction in the lung, often with excess mucus. This is unrelated to infection.

IAD can occur at any age, but the first bout is typically triggered by stall confinement and exposure to common irritants such as dust and molds from straw and hay, and airborne bacterial endotoxins, as well as ammonia.

RAO, recurrent airway obstruction, is a chronic allergic and/or hypersensitivity reaction that may have some similarities to the human condition “farmer’s lung”. Airflow is obstructed by a combination of inflammation, mucus and bronchospasm. In the later stages, gas exchange may be compromised because of irreversible damage to the lung tissue.

A major difference between IAD and RAO is the symptoms that present at rest with the latter. These include coughing, flared nostrils, expiratory wheezing, and a prominent “heave line” at the junction of the chest and abdomen where the diaphragm muscle is located. Ability to exercise is severely compromised, although correct management and treatment can ease or eliminate symptoms as long as there is yet no permanent damage.

Prevention and management

In both conditions, exposure to high concentrations of organic and inorganic material in the air can both cause and worsen symptoms. The last place these horses should be is inside a tightly closed barn. If the horse must be confined, you should guarantee good circulation of fresh air throughout the barn. Bedding should consist of woodchips or paper in all the stalls, not just those of affected horses. Hay should not be stored in the same building and should be wetted down thoroughly before feeding.

 

Many effective systemic and inhaled drugs can be tried and this approach should be discussed with your veterinarian. Some horses can be managed with reduced or no drugs, through a combination of environmental management and supplements.

Supplementing for lung health

Several studies have identified oxidative stress as a component of lung disease in the horse. A 2012 study found reduced serum levels of the antioxidants copper, zinc and selenium, and the glutathione enzyme system. A 2006 study found significant decreases in vitamin C in the lung fluid of RAO horses exposed to organic dusts (mold); vitamin C has been shown to be a major antioxidant in the equine lung. Revving up the glutathione system in the lungs can also help protect against the effects of organic acid exposure.

Horses can synthesize their own vitamin C and those on fresh pasture also have very generous amounts in their diet. For horses not on green pasture, supplementing 1000 to 4000 mg/day is reasonable to help counteract the drops caused by lung disease.

Plant-based antioxidants both directly combat oxidative stress and also have a sparing effect on vitamin C and the glutathione enzyme system. These antioxidants include citrus bioflavonoids, quercetin, grape seed extract, N-acetyl-cysteine and herbs such as turmeric.

Spirulina is also an antioxidant with the added benefit of blocking histamine release, and is often very helpful for horses with lung disease at a dose of 2 grams/100 lbs bodyweight, given twice daily.  Bronchospasm can be directly addressed by the use of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan) at 20 mg/100 lbs bodyweight.

If you suspect breathing issues, get a diagnosis as soon as possible. Management changes and supplementation can be very effective in mild and moderate cases, and may reduce the need for medications at all stages.

Eleanor Kellon, VMD, currently serves as the Staff Veterinary Specialist for Uckele Health & Nutrition. An established authority in the field of equine nutrition for over 30 years, Dr. Kellon is a valuable resource in the field of applications and nutraceuticals in horses.

Founded in 1962, Uckele Health & Nutrition has been a trusted leader in the formulation, development and manufacture of quality nutritional supplements for 50 years. uckele.com

The American Veterinary Medical Association, Humane Society of the United States and American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals offer these safety tips for pets:

■ Keep them inside when the temperature drops below freezing.

■ Bang on the hood of your car before starting it to scare away stray cats that may have sought warmth from the engine.

■ Never let your dog off the leash on snow or ice, especially during a snowstorm, when dogs can lose their scent and become lost. More dogs are lost during the winter than any other season, so keep ID tags on a well-fitting collar.

■ Wipe off your dog’s paws, legs and belly after a walk to remove ice, salt and antifreeze. Make sure a freshly bathed dog is completely dry before taking it outside.

■ Put a coat or sweater with a high collar on short-haired dogs.

■ Check your dog’s paws frequently for signs of cold-weather injury or damage, such as cracked paw pads or bleeding. During a walk, sudden lameness may be due to ice accumulation between the toes.

■ Postpone housebreaking puppies during the coldest months.

■ Don’t leave a pet alone in a room with a space heater. It could get knocked over and start a fire.

■ Dogs that can tolerate long, cold walks — the larger breeds with thick fur — will need to eat more high-protein food.

■ Pets need a place to sleep off the floor and away from drafts.

■ Dogs that spend any time in the yard must have a dry, draft free shelter large enough to lie down in, but small enough to retain body heat. The floor should be a few inches off the ground and covered with cedar shavings or straw. The doorway should be covered with waterproof burlap or heavy plastic. Do not use metal bowls for food and water

■ Feral cats need shelter, too. Learn how to make a cat shelter at tinyurl.com/njalq4d.

■ ”The best tip of all: keep your pets with you,” the Humane Society says. ”The happiest dogs are those who are taken out frequently for walks and exercise, but kept inside the rest of the time.”